Dress Form E-Book photo album

PGM PGM Bears Hybernating

Hibernation is the preferred method for bears to escape the cold of winter.

Bears however, are not true hibernators. The body temperature of bears stays normal. They burn an estimated 4,000 food calories a day. While in hibernation they can awake and move about quite often. Yet they can exist for three months or more without food or water.

During their hibernation, the bears neither defecate or urinate. This would normally mean that nitrogenous wastes during that time would cause poisoning to the urinal system. However this it does not do. The bear solves its nitrogenous waste problem by a form of recycling." The hibernating bears body diverts nitrogen from pathways that synthesise urea into pathways that generate amino acids and new proteins. And it does this by glycerol (produced when fats are metabolized) and recycled nitrogen as the building blocks" according to the New Scientist Magazine of February 1985.

The female grizzly bear will have her cubs during the winter hibernation. During hibernation she does not eat or drink anything at all, yet still she is able to nurse and care for her cubs. The mating period usually occurs in may to early July each year, and the cubs are born generally around January or February, right during the cold winter months. But the gestation period is not very long for the female. She has very tiny offspring usually weighing only a pound or two at birth, so it is easier for her to nurse and feed them even though she does not eat or drink anything during those months.

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PGM How to Measure Bridal Gown

HOW TO MEASURE BRIDAL GOWN

 

 

 

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PGM How to Measure Hand

     

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PGM How to Measure Boots

HOW TO MEASURE BOOTS

A. Joint(Toe Base)
    This is the circumstance measurement of your foot from the base of your thumb bone to the base of your
    pinky  bone. The base of thumb bone is located ahead of the base of pinky bone.

B. Instep(Heart)
   This is the circumstance measurement of the center of your foot.

C. Peak
   This is the circumstance measurement of the highest part of your foot, placing the measuring tape between
   the center and the heel of your foot, right under the highest part of your foot.

D. This is the circumstance measurement from the highest part of your foot to your heel.

E. Ankle
   This is the circumstance measurement of your ankle.

F. Leg Neck Measurement Set
   The first measurement is the circumstance measurement of the position a little above your ankles. This 
   position is the thinest part of your lower leg. The second measurement is the height of this position 
   measured from the ground.

G. Calf Measurement Set
   The first measurement is the circumstance measurement of the widest part of your lower leg. The second 
   measurement is the height of this position measured from the ground.

H. Knee Measurement Set
   The first measurement is the circumstacne measurement of your knee. The second measurement is the
   height of this position measured from the ground.

I. Tigh Measurement Set
   The first measurement is the circumstance measurement of your tigh. The second measurement is the
   height of this position measured from the ground.

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PGM How to Measure Your Foot

HOW TO MEASURE YOUR FOOT

      

1. Measuring foot girths. A, B, C, D, E are standard places of feet propotions determination.
2. Determining the length of the foot and minimal overmeasure from the plantogram.

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PGM How to Check Your Bra Size

HOW TO CHECK YOUR BRA SIZE

1. Under Bust Measurement
Measure under your bust:
add 4ins. if the measurement obtained is an even number of inches
add 5ins. if the measurement obtained is an odd number of inches.

For example:  if your underbust measurement is 31ins., add 5ins. to obtain bra size 36, or, if your underbust measurement is 30ins. add 4ins. to obtain bra size 34.

2. Bust Measurement
Measure round the fullest part of your bust to determine Cup size.
If the bust measurement: is:
same as your bra size, your Cup size is A.
1in. more gives Cup size B
2in. more gives Cup size C
3in. more gives Cup size D
4in. more gives Cup size DD
5in. more gives Cup size E
and so on through F, FF and G

Example:
Underbust measurement of
29in. + 5in. = bra size 34
Overbust measurement of
34in. = Cup A
So the correct fitting would be 34A

Guidance on Knicker Sizes
(UK equivalents)

S = size 10-12, M = size 12-14, L = size 14-16,
XL = size 16-18, XXL = size 18-20, XXXL = size 20-22

S-M = 10-12, M-L = 14-16

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PGM How to Measure Bra

HOW TO MEASURE BRA

1. Waist: 
    This is usually part of your torso, a good way to find your waist point is to tie a string around the waist,
    not to tightly, move it around a little and the string should naturally sit on your waist.
2. Under Bust: 
    This measurement should be taken around the rib cage directly under the bust.
3. Bust: 
    Take this measurement around the fullest part of the bust by passing the tape around your back and
    across the front to the nipples in a straight line.
4. Over Bust: 
     Take this measurement exactly 1inch above where you took the bust measurement.
5. Top Hip: 
     This is usually around where the top of the hip bone is and across the fullest part of the stomach.
6. Lower Hip: 
    This is usually the fuller part of the hips which is fairly low down under the hip bone.
7. Bust Points: 
    This measurement is the distance between your nipples.
8. Waist to Bust: 
    Holding the top of the tape measure at the fullest point of the bust, letting it hang downwards to
    the waist this measurement is needed.
9. Waist to Under Bust: 
    Measure the vertical distance between the waist and the under side of the bust.
10. Waist to Top Hip: 
    The straight measurement from the side of the waist to the top of the hip bone.
11. Waist to Lower Hip: 
    Measure from the side of your waist down to the lower side of the hip bone.
12. Waist to Under Arm: 
    Measure from your under arm where you would like the corset to fit the waist.
13. Shoulder Straps: 
   Measure nipple point to half way across the shoulder for strap lengths.

By Sinful Desires

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PGM How to Measure Your Head

HOW TO MEASURE YOUR HEAD

1. The measurement should be taken with a device that cannot be stretched, such as a flexible metal tape
     measure. 

2. Measure between 1-2 cm above your ears, where the hat sits on your head. 

3. Wrap the tape snugly around the widest possible circumference - from the most prominent part of the
    forehead (often 1-2 fingers above the eyebrow) around to the widest part of the back of the head.

4. Try to find the widest way around the head.

5. Remeasure 3 times, and take the largest number.

Hat Sizing and How to Measure your Head

Take a measuring tape and place it around the circumference of the head, slightly above the ears, with the tape held fairly closely to the head. Measure your head and then compare the measurement with the table below to find your hat size. If you don’t have a tape measure, then use a piece of string or wool to measure around your head and then check the length using a ruler or other measure.

When you have found your hat size, please enter this and the related alphabetical code in the appropriate place on your graduation reply form.

 

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PGM Dog Dancing Video and Dog Measurement

Click Fresh page to play again

 

Dog Measurements

1. Length (Base of Neck to Base of Tail)

2. Girth (Widest Part of chest)

3. Neck (Around the base of the neck)

4. Waist

5. Leg Length of Jumper/PJ's required - Short (4"), long (14") or none
(*If a specific leg length is required please see next diagram for measure guide)

6. Style of neck (Polo or Crew)

7. Colour/Pattern

8. Sex (If shortened chest piece is required for male dog to allow to go to the toilet without wetting the jumper)

9. Breed of Dog

*If specific leg lengths are required please measure from the top of the spine down to the desired length.

Although measurements will be confirmed with you before the garment is made, please ensure you double check these requirements. The coats/jumpers will be made to measurements supplied by you and therefore it is your responsibility to provide correct measurements

Please do not over measure or add anything on the measurements as I allow room for movement and comfort and therefore add to this measurement given.

All the garments are individually made to your measurements given and are not pre-cut off the peg items.

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PGM How to Measure Male Body

MALE BODY MEASUREMENTS

For the Self Tailoring strap, the Self Tailoring laced and the Twist of English Empire trousers, we generally only need the following measurements as a guide: Trouser waist (H), seat (I), body rise (R to S) and inside leg (T to U).

For jackets, coats and waistcoats, the following are required: Chest (F), front chest (between the two red dots just above the chest line. The front chest is a horizontal line 18cm down from K, and from where the left arm meets the body to where the right arm meets the body), natural waist length (A to B), half back (D to E), natural waist (G), neck (J), shoulder (K to L), sleeve length (L to M), wrist (V), top arm (W), scye depth (A to X).
Any questions, please feel free to contact us or come and visit us at one of the many events we attend around the country to be measured by Jed in person.

G - natural waist. Tie a piece of string around the natural waistline. This makes vertical measurements more accurate.

A to B - natural waist length. Measure from the bone at the nape of the neck to the waistline.

A to C - desired length of garment. This measurement is generally applicable to CP1 coats.

D to E - half across back. Measure from centre back (15cm down from nape) to the position of the sleeve seam at the back scye (armhole).

F - chest. Place the tape under the arms and around the body at chest level. Make sure the arms are down and the tape measure passes over the shoulder blades when taking this measurement.

H - trouser waist position. This is generally 4cm down from the natural waistline.

I - seat. Measure around the fullest part of the seat, usually 21cm down from the waistline.

J - neck. Measure round the base of the neck quite loosely.

K to L - shoulder. Measure from the base of the neck to the shoulder bone.

L to M - sleeve length for one piece sleeve. With the hand on the hip, so the arm is bent, measure from the shoulder bone to where you want the sleeve to end.

P to Q - side seam length for trousers. Measure from the waist to the heel seam of shoe.

R to S - body rise. Whilst sitting on a hard chair, have someone measure from the waist to the top of the seat of the chair.

T to U - inside leg. Measure from high in the crutch to the heel seam of shoe.

V - wrist.

W - top arm. Measure whilst the arm is bent.

A to X - scye depth. This is generally a standard measurement, but if the arm or shoulder is well developed, this measurement is well worth having. Place a tape measure or piece of string across the back under the arms and measure down from the neck bone to the centre of the tape.

By Jed Phoenix

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PGM How to Measure Female Body

FEMALE BODY MEASUREMENTS

For skirts we generally only need the waist size (G), hip measurement (I), and the distance vertically between waist and hip (E to F).

For jackets we need the following measurements: Bust (H), waist size (G), back width (P to Q), nape to waist (A to B), chest (N to O), shoulder (K to L), top arm (W), armhole depth (A to X), front shoulder to waist (Y to C), sleeve length (L to M)

H - bust. Measure round the body at the fullest part of the bust, making sure that the tape measure is parallel to the floor.

G - waist size. After taking this measurement, tie a piece of string firmly round the waist. This allows vertical measurements to be taken more accurately.

I - hips. Measure the widest part. This is generally between 15cm and 21cm down from the waistline.

P to Q - back width. Measure 15cm down from the neck bone at the centre back and then across the back from where one arm meets the body to where the other arm meets the body.

N to O - chest. Measure the chest 7cm down from the neck point at the centre front (armhole to armhole).

J - neck. Measure the base of the neck touching the front collar bone.

K to L - shoulder. Measure from the neck to the shoulder bone.

W - top arm. With the arm bent, measure the bicep.

V - wrist. Make this measurement quite loose and comfortable.

A to B - nape to waist. Measure from the neck bone at the centre back to the string tied around the waist.

Y to C - front shoulder to waist. Measure from the centre of the front shoulder, over the bust point (nipple), to the waist.

A to X - armhole depth. This is generally a standard measurement, but if the arm or shoulder is well developed, this measurement is well worth having. Place a tape measure or piece of string across the back under the arms and measure down from the neck bone to the centre of the tape.

E to F - waist to hip. This is also generally a standard measurement, but, again, it's worth having. Measure from the string tied around the waist down to the fullest part of the hips.

C to D - waist to desired length of garment (applicable for certain skirt designs and for CP1 coats).

T to U - inside leg.

R to S - waist to floor. Measure from the waist to the floor at the centre back.

1 to 2 - body rise. Sit on a hard chair and have someone else take the measurement at the side from your waist to the chair.

L to M - sleeve length. Place the hand on the hip so the arm is bent. Measure from the shoulder bone, over the elnbow and down to the wristbone to where you want the sleeve to end.

By Jed Phoenix

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PGM What are Professional Pattern Making Tools

PGM PROFESSIONAL PATTERN MAKING TOOLS

When fashion designers, patternmaking designers, pattern makers, ......, produce their draping design, or alter the  patterns and garments, the professional pattern making tools are needed:

Pattern Design Ruler

1.  Hip Curve
24” rulers that is shaped into a curve at one end. Used to curve hiplines on skirts and pants for drawing curved hems, hips and other slightly curved areas.

2.  French Curve
Shaped a curve at one end, individual curves are used to shape armholes, necklines, sleeve caps, darts, crotch seams, lapels, pockets and collars.

3. L-Square
With one side longer than the other, shaped like the letter “L”, used to draft slopers and patterns to establish length and grainlines on patterns and slopers.

4. Straight Ruler
To straight edge with clearly marked measurements rulers (12”, 18”, 24”)

5. Tape Measure
A narrow, firmly 60” tape with metal tips on each end.

Pattern Notcher
A hand punching tool which provide a 1/16” x 1/4” nick in pattern paper. Used to establish matching-point notches on the outer edges of pattern pieces. It also cuts through tag board.

Tracing Wheel
A small hand tool with metal point, used to transfer markings from pattern onto fabric with or without tracing paper.

Awl
A pointed tool with a wooden handle. Used to pierce small holes such as to indicate apex.

Cloth Weight
Cloth weights are used to weight down pattern pieces or fabric pieces.

Pattern Punch
A pattern punch is used to cut a circular 3/4” hole on pattern papers to enable hanging up by pattern hooks.

Pattern Hooks
Pattern hooks with cord are used to properly hang patterns.

Pattern Shears
Cutting is extremely important in patternmaking and sewing. Without good cut, the sloper is doomed, so, with a pair of professional heavy duty pattern shears(12”) that have an extra long shank and heavy blades is very helpful for patternmaking.

Fabric Scissors
Indursty heavy duty fabric scissors: 8”, 10”, 12”, with extreamly sharp blades, good for cutting fabric.

Draping Pins
A size 17 steel satin straight pin. Used to fasten parts and pieces together.

Draping Tape
Professional draping tape, 3/32” width, 49 feet length, with 5 different colors to select. Very easy to curve and line up.

Muslin Fabric
A light weight cotton fabric, used for draping design.

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PGM How to measure PGM Dress Form

PGM DRESS FORM
MEASURING KEY POINT

(Copy Right @PGM-Pro Inc.)

PGM full line Dress Forms are all standard sized, natural body shaped with realistic buttock and collopsible shoulders, excellent choice for professional fashion designer, fashion education, fashion industry, fashion students.....

PGM also accept any special sizes dress form custom made.

To better meet your design purpose, select a correct size dress form is very important.

Below are some measuring key point reference to help you on how to measure your dress form and body measurement.

1. Neck Base
    To find the base of the neck, have the person tilt his or her head forward. You'll see a knobby bone in back ,
    round the measure tape at this point to make full circle.

2. Neck Middle
    At 1" above Neck Base, measure around.

3. Shoulder
    From side neck point (where the neck meets shoulder)  to shoulder point (the upper arm bone).

4. X-Shoulder
    At backside of body, from one shoulder point to another shoulder point.

5. X-Back
    4" down from Back Neck Point,  measuring from edge to edge (reference image).

6. F-Chest
    1" down from Front Neck Point, measuring from edge to edge (reference image).

7. Bust Around Neck: 
    Put the measuring tape at one bust point, around back neck to another bust point (apex).

8. Bust
    Measuring full circle around bust points (apex) and back point (see image). Please note: back point location
    will be different depending on the body size.

9. Upper Bust
    About 3" - 4" above Bust Point, measuring circle around back point ( see image). Please note: 3" -4", or
    more will be different depending on the body size.

10. Apex to Apex
      Measuring from bust point to bust point.

11. Dart
       At waist line, measuring from central line to princess line.

12. Waist
      Measuring full circle around waist points.

13.  Abdome-4": 
       4" down from waist point, measuring full circle. Please note: 4" or... will be different depending on the body
       size.

14.  Hip
        8" down from waist points, measuring full circle.  Please note: 8" or..... will be different depending on the 
        body size.

15.  Total Crotch
        From front waist point , go under to back waist point.

16. Max Thigh
       1" down from crotch, measuring around.

17. Middle Thigh
      Measuring around from the middle of Max Thigh and Knee.

18. Knee
      Measuring around knee.

19. Calf
      Measuring around calf.

20. Ankle
      Measuring around ankle.

21. Inseam
       Running vertically down the inside of the leg, measuring from crotch to the ankle.

22. Outseam
       Measuring vertically down from the outside of the leg, from waist line to ankle.

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